恐龙是人类出现之前地球上唯一出现过的统治者，除了自己之外，恐龙可以说是没有任何的敌手。然而，如此强大的生物却灭绝了，对于恐龙的灭绝有很多的说法，比如火山爆发说，气候变化说、陨石撞击说等等，而其中最广为人知的就是陨石撞击说了。而今时今日，陨石撞击说已经不再是一个假说，而是一个明确的科学论断。

Dinosaurs were the only rulers on earth before the emergence of human beings. Apart from themselves, dinosaurs could be said to have no rivals. However, such powerful creatures are extinct. There are many theories about the extinction of dinosaurs, such as volcano eruption, climate change, meteorite impact and so on. Among them, the most well-known one is meteorite impact. Today, meteorite impact theory is no longer a hypothesis, but a clear scientific conclusion.

2010年，41位科学家通过会议正式确立了陨石撞击导致恐龙灭绝的科学论断，科学家通过测量发现，在欧洲一些地区，白垩纪末期所形成的黏土层中含有大量的铱元素。这种元素稀有程度超过黄金，铱元素极度稀有，不可能大量集中出现，所以这些测量发现的铱元素必然是来自于外太空。可以肯定在白垩纪末期，从外太空来了一个不小的陨石，这个陨石撞击了地球，从而导致了恐龙的灭绝。

In 2010, 41 scientists formally established the scientific conclusion that the impact of meteorites led to the extinction of dinosaurs through the conference. Through measurement, scientists found that in some parts of Europe, the clay layer formed at the end of Cretaceous contains a large amount of iridium elements. This element is more rare than gold, and iridium is extremely rare, so it is impossible to concentrate in large quantities, so the iridium found in these measurements must be from outer space. It is certain that at the end of the Cretaceous, a large meteorite came from outer space, which hit the earth and led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

事实上已知的地球历史就已经有过五次物种大灭绝了，而恐龙的这次就是最后一次。每一次的灾难，都让这个地球上的生物灭绝了一大半。那么其中比较严重的一次，就是二叠纪大灭绝事件。这次二叠纪物种大灭绝，海洋生物灭绝了96%，很多科学家研究分析后，认为原因是远古“全球变暖”，变暖导致海水中氧气变少，导致海洋生物灭绝。

In fact, there have been five mass extinctions in the known history of the earth, and this time of dinosaurs is the last. Every disaster has wiped out more than half of the life on this earth. Then one of the more serious events is the Permian extinction. The Permian extinction resulted in 96% extinction of marine life. Many scientists believed that the reason was the ancient "global warming", which resulted in less oxygen in the sea water and the extinction of marine life.

生命诞生以来，已经有超过98%的物种灭绝了，如此巨大的数字绝不可能是一种偶然。科学家统计了相关的数据，发现地球物种的灭绝实际上是具有周期性的，通常每3000万年左右就会发现一次物种大灭绝。这种规律性引起了科学家的注意，前5次的物种大灭绝或许都和陨石撞击地球、环境巨变有关联，有科学家就指出，人类正处于第六次生物大灭绝周期中。

Since the birth of life, more than 98% of the species have been extinct. Such a huge number can never be an accident. Scientists have counted relevant data and found that the extinction of earth's species is actually cyclical, usually once every 30 million years or so. This regularity has attracted the attention of scientists. The first five mass extinctions may be related to the impact of meteorites on the earth and environmental changes. Some scientists have pointed out that human beings are in the sixth cycle of mass extinction.

地球诞生于46亿年前，生物大灭绝标志生物无论在生态系统中的地位如何，都逃不过劫难，而且还经常是很多不同的生物类群一起灭绝，却总有其它一些类群幸免于难，还有一些类群从此诞生或开始繁盛。大规模的集群灭绝有一定的周期性，大约6200万年就会发生一次，但集群灭绝对动物的影响最大，而陆生植物的集群灭绝不像动物那样显著。人类曾经被毁灭?这或许只是个玩笑或者枕边话，但也值得人类深思!在不可能的年代发现了不可能的东西，这是目前科学的尴尬。有人说，这是史前超文明的印迹，它划破时代长空，让人琢磨不透;有人说，这是神的存在信号，那神又是什么呢?还有人说，远在我们知道的范围内，生物曾经多次被灭绝。

The earth was born 4.6 billion years ago. No matter what the status of the symbol organisms in the ecosystem, they can't escape the disaster, and often many different biological groups are extinct together, but there are always some other groups survived, and some groups are born or began to flourish from then on. Large scale mass extinction has a certain periodicity, which will happen once every 62 million years, but the absolute extinction of animals is the most important, and the extinction of terrestrial plants is not as significant as animals. Human beings have been destroyed? It may be just a joke or a pillow talk, but it is also worth thinking about! It is the embarrassment of science to find the impossible in the impossible era. Some people say that this is the mark of prehistoric super civilization, which cuts through the sky of the times and makes people wonder; some people say that this is the sign of God's existence, and what is God? Others say that far away from what we know, creatures have been extinct many times.

由于地球围绕太阳一周会经历四季交替，那么，地球史上所经历的5次生物大灭绝，是不是与太阳系围绕银河中心运转一周有关呢？

Since the earth will experience four seasons alternation around the sun once a week, is the five mass extinctions experienced in the history of the earth related to the solar system running around the center of the Milky way for one week?

通常情况下，公众习惯上认为，在太阳绕银河系一周的2.5亿年之间，由于太阳系会经历不同的宇宙环境，其经受的宇宙引力环境必然会发生平衡上的巨大变化，从而造成太阳系奥尔特云小行星或者彗星的运行规律的大变动，从而使地球生物在小行星或彗星撞击下发生大毁灭。而实际情况真的是这样吗？

Generally speaking, the public is accustomed to think that during the 250 million years when the sun moves around the Milky way, because the solar system will experience different cosmic environments, the gravitational environment it experiences will inevitably undergo great changes in the balance, which will cause great changes in the laws of the solar system's Alto cloud asteroids or comets, so that the earth's creatures will be launched under the impact of asteroids or comets Life and destruction. And is that really the case?

天体物理学家告诉我们，事实上并不是这样，或者说地球上的5次生物大灭绝与太阳绕银河系公转没有直接的关系。这主要是因为太阳系随银河系的运转，是银河系盘面的整体运行，说具体点就是：太阳系在银河系中的运行是和银河系有着整体一致性的，即它和万万千千的恒星系保持着速度和方向大体上的一致性。而这种运转决定了太阳系在2.5亿年间的公转中，其经受的引力系统基本上不会发生根本性的巨大变动，因此，地球生物也就不存在因太阳公转而发生周期性大灭绝的情况。

Astrophysicists tell us that this is not the case, or that the five mass extinctions on earth have nothing to do with the sun's rotation around the galaxy. This is mainly because the solar system operates with the Milky way as a whole. Specifically, the operation of the solar system in the Milky way is consistent with that of the Milky way as a whole, that is, it maintains a general consistency of speed and direction with thousands of star systems. This operation determines that the solar system will not undergo fundamental and huge changes in its gravitational system during the revolution of 250 million years. Therefore, there will be no periodic mass extinction of earth creatures due to the revolution of the sun.

另外，科学家们还称，除了6500万年前地球生物大灭绝是由小行星撞击地球引发的之外，其它4次生物大灭绝，都还没有足够证据证明是与小行星或者彗星撞击有关。所以，普通民众关于地球5次生物大灭绝与太阳绕银河一周有周期性对应关系的说法，是不符合天文学实际的。那么，地球5次生物大灭绝到底有没有周期性，到底与什么有关，还需要我们进一步加以探索和研究。

In addition, scientists also said that in addition to the fact that the extinction of life on Earth 65 million years ago was caused by the impact of asteroids on the earth, there is not enough evidence to prove that the other four mass extinctions are related to the impact of asteroids or comets. Therefore, the common people's view that there is a periodic relationship between the earth's five mass extinctions and the sun's circle around the Milky way is not in line with the reality of astronomy. So, we need to further explore and study whether the earth's five mass extinctions are periodic or not and what they are related to.

第一次大灭绝：奥陶纪大灭绝，时间大约发生在4.4亿年前，是古生代的第二纪，开始于公元前5亿年，延续了6500万年。奥陶纪是历史上海侵最广泛的时期之一。在板块内部的地台区，海水广布，表现为滨海浅海相碳酸盐岩的普遍发育，在板块边缘的活动地槽区，为较深水环境，形成厚度很大的浅海、深海碎屑沉积和火山喷发沉积。

The first extinction: the Ordovician extinction, which occurred about 440 million years ago, is the second period of the Paleozoic era. It began in 500 million B.C. and lasted 65 million years. The Ordovician is one of the most extensive periods of Shanghai invasion. In the platform area within the plate, the sea water is widely distributed, showing the general development of coastal shallow marine carbonate rocks. In the active geosyncline area at the edge of the plate, it is a relatively deep-water environment, forming a very thick shallow sea, deep-sea clastic deposits and volcanic eruption deposits.

这一次的生物大灭绝是由全球气候变冷造成的，也就是所谓的大冰河时期，大片的冰川使洋流和大气环流变冷，整个地球的温度下降，冰川锁住水，海平面降低，原先丰富的沿海生态系统被破坏，最终导致85%的物种灭绝。

This extinction was caused by the global climate becoming cold, that is, during the so-called ice age, a large number of glaciers made the ocean current and atmosphere cold, the temperature of the whole earth decreased, glaciers locked in water, the sea level decreased, the original rich coastal ecosystem was destroyed, and 85% of the species died out.

第二次大灭绝：泥盆纪大灭绝，时间大约发生在3.65亿年前，古生代第四纪，约开始于公元前4.05亿年，结束于公元前3.5亿年，持续约5000万年。泥盆纪分为早、中、晚3个世，地层相应的分为下、中、上3个统。泥盆纪古地理面貌较早古生代有了巨大的改变。表现为陆地面积扩大，陆相地层的发育，生物界的面貌也发生了巨大的变革。陆生植物、鱼形动物空前发展，两栖动物开始出现，无脊椎动物的成分也显著改变。

The second extinction: Devonian extinction, about 365 million years ago, Paleozoic Quaternary, started in 405 million B.C. and ended in 350 million B.C., lasting for about 50 million years. Devonian can be divided into early, middle and late stages, and the strata can be divided into lower, middle and upper series. Devonian paleogeography changed greatly in the early Paleozoic. It is manifested in the expansion of land area, the development of continental strata, and the great changes in the face of the biosphere. With the unprecedented development of terrestrial plants and fish like animals, amphibians began to appear, and the composition of invertebrates also changed significantly.

泥盆纪是脊椎动物飞越发展的时期，鱼类相当繁盛，各种类别的鱼都有出现，故泥盆纪被称为“鱼类的时代”。这一次的灭绝的具体原因，虽然科学家目前还不清楚，但是由全球气候变化造成却得到了科学家的认同，只不过不清楚到底是何种气候变化造成的。

Devonian is a period when vertebrates fly over and develop. Fish are very prosperous and all kinds of fish appear. So Devonian is called "the age of fish". Although scientists don't know the specific cause of this extinction, scientists agree that it is caused by global climate change, but they don't know exactly what kind of climate change caused it.

有一种观点认为是由于地幔运动，一股巨大的岩浆爆出地表，释放出温室气体，导致陆地植物繁茂，陆地植物制造出大量土壤流入海中滋生了大量藻类漂浮在海面，使海洋生物窒息而死，这一场大灭绝造成了全球70%的物种消失。

There is a view that because of the mantle movement, a huge magma burst out of the earth's surface, releasing greenhouse gases, resulting in the lush land plants, land plants produce a large number of soil flowing into the sea, breeding a large number of algae floating on the sea surface, suffocating marine life, which caused 70% of the global species to disappear.

第三次大灭绝：二叠纪大灭绝，时间大约发生在2.5亿年前，它是是古生代的最后一个纪，也是重要的成煤期。二叠纪分为早二叠世， 中二叠世和晚二叠世。二叠纪开始于公元前约2.95亿年，延至公元前2.5亿年，共经历了4500万年。

The third extinction: the Permian extinction, which took place about 250 million years ago, is the last period of Paleozoic and also an important coal forming period. The Permian can be divided into early Permian, Middle Permian and Late Permian. The Permian period began about 295 million B.C. and extended to 250 million B.C., a total of 45 million years.

二叠纪的地壳运动比较活跃，古板块间的相对运动加剧，世界范围内的许多地槽封闭并陆续地形成褶皱山系，古板块间逐渐拼接形成联合古大陆（泛大陆）。陆地面积的进一步扩大，海洋范围缩小，自然地理环境的变化，促进了生物界的重要演化，预示着生物发展史上一个新时期的到来。

In the Permian, the crustal movement was relatively active, and the relative movement between the ancient plates was intensified. Many geosynclines around the world were closed and folded mountain systems were formed successively, and the ancient plates were gradually spliced to form the United ancient continent (Pan continent). The further expansion of the land area, the reduction of the sea area and the change of the natural geographical environment promote the important evolution of the biological community, which indicates the arrival of a new era in the history of biological development.

这一次的灭绝事件约造成了地球上96%的生物灭绝，可以说是五次大灭绝事件中最严重的一次，那么到底是什么原因造成如此严重的生物大灭绝？科学家研究认为可能是由大陆漂移造成的，在大约2.45亿年前，由于海平面下降和大陆漂移，所有的大陆聚集成了一个联合的古陆，富饶的海岸线急剧减少，大陆架也缩小了，生态系统受到了严重的破坏，很多物种都失去了生存空间。

This extinction event caused about 96% of the earth's extinction, which can be said to be the most serious of the five major extinction events. So what is the cause of such a serious extinction? Scientists think it may be caused by continental drift. About 245 million years ago, due to the sea-level decline and continental drift, all continents gathered into a united ancient land. The rich coastline decreased dramatically, the continental shelf also narrowed, the ecosystem was severely damaged, and many species lost their living space.

第四次大灭绝：三叠纪大灭绝，时间大约发生在2.08亿年前，它是中生代的第一纪，爬行动物和裸子植物崛起，始于公元前2.5亿年至2.03亿年，延续了约5000万年。这一次的生物大灭绝是五次大灭绝事件中规模最小的，约造成了地球70%的物种灭绝。

The fourth mass extinction: the Triassic mass extinction, which took place about 208 million years ago, is the first period of the Mesozoic era. The rise of reptiles and gymnosperms started from 250 million to 203 million B.C. and lasted for about 50 million years. This extinction is the smallest of the five, which caused about 70% of the earth's species extinction.

造成这一次大灭绝的原因可能是由于地幔运动产生的压力致使盘古大陆分裂，海水停止流动，气温上升，空气中充满有毒气体。在这次灭绝事件中，所有的锥齿兽都灭绝了，有菊石、海绵、头足类、腕足类、昆虫和一些陆生脊椎动物等。

The reason for the extinction may be that the pressure of mantle movement caused the Pangea continent to split, the sea water stopped flowing, the temperature increased, and the air was full of toxic gases. In this extinction event, all conodonts were extinct, including ammonites, sponges, cephalopods, brachiopods, insects and some terrestrial vertebrates.

三叠纪晚期出现了两脚行走的爬行动物，为恐龙的出现打下了基础，这一次的大灭绝事件，为创造许多新物种提供了有利条件，恐龙就从这些新物种开始了统治大地的旅程。

In the Late Triassic, there were two legged reptiles, which laid the foundation for the emergence of dinosaurs. This mass extinction event provided favorable conditions for the creation of many new species, from which dinosaurs began to dominate the earth.

第五次大灭绝：白垩纪大灭绝，时间发生于6500万年前的白垩纪末期。这一次的生物大灭绝也是五次生物大灭绝中最著名的一次，之所以它的名气如此之大，是因为它终洁了统治地球1.6亿年的恐龙。

The fifth extinction: the Cretaceous extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous 65 million years ago. This extinction is also the most famous of the five. The reason why it is so famous is that it finally cleaned the dinosaurs that ruled the earth for 160 million years.

相信很多人都知道，这一次的灭绝事件也称之为恐龙大灭绝，要知道第四次生物大灭绝事件后，地球上出现了恐龙，它在地球生存了1.6亿年，是真正站在食物链顶端的生物，如此漫长的统治地球时间，让不少人猜测，恐龙在后期会不会已经诞生了初步的智慧？

I believe that many people know that this extinction event is also called the dinosaur extinction. After the fourth extinction event, dinosaurs have appeared on the earth. They have lived on the earth for 160 million years, and they are really creatures standing at the top of the food chain. Such a long time of ruling the earth makes many people wonder whether dinosaurs will have given birth to preliminary wisdom in the later period?

这一次的灭绝事件，主流的观点是小行星撞击地球，扬起的大量的气体和尘埃进入大气层,所以阳光无法穿透,全球气温急剧下降,乌云覆盖地球好几年,植物不能从太阳获得能量,海洋藻类和陆地森林逐渐死亡,食物链的基础环节是破坏,许多动物死于饥饿,包括恐龙。这一次的生物大灭绝造成了全球80%的生物灭绝。

In this extinction event, the mainstream view is that asteroids hit the earth, lifting up a lot of gas and dust into the atmosphere, so the sun can't penetrate, the global temperature drops sharply, dark clouds cover the earth for several years, plants can't get energy from the sun, marine algae and land forests gradually die, the basic link of the food chain is destruction, many animals die of hunger, including dinosaurs. This extinction has resulted in 80% of the global extinction.

每一次的生物大灭绝周期约为一亿年左右，也就是每隔一亿年左右的时间，地球就会经历一次生物大灭绝，这可能并不是一种巧合，而某种冥冥之中的注定，也许就是生命星球的一种生命周期。

Each extinction cycle is about 100 million years, that is to say, every 100 million years or so, the earth will experience a extinction. This may not be a coincidence, but some kind of destiny may be a life cycle of life planet.

还有就是每一次生物大灭绝之后再诞生的生物，种类会更加丰富，生命会越来越高级，第五次的白垩纪，其实就是恐龙的世界，而恐龙能够在地球生存统治了1.6亿年，说明恐龙已经进化到非常高级的阶段，有可能已经有了初步的智慧。

There are also creatures that will be born after each extinction. The species will be more abundant and the life will be more and more advanced. The fifth Cretaceous is actually the world of dinosaurs, and dinosaurs can survive and rule the earth for 160 million years, which indicates that dinosaurs have evolved to a very high level and may have preliminary wisdom.

五次生物大灭绝有四次是地球本身的环境变化引起，每一次环境巨变都是在为人类的诞生做准备，地球环境的巨变，板块的移动让地球的资源越来越丰富，有了煤炭，石油，天然气等，这些也是为人类的生存做准备，为人类文明向科技发展做准备。

Four of the five mass extinctions are caused by the environmental changes of the earth itself, each of which is preparing for the birth of human beings. With the great changes of the earth environment, the movement of plates makes the earth more and more rich in resources. With coal, oil, natural gas, etc., these are also preparing for the survival of human beings and the development of human civilization to science and technology.

如果地球没有这些资源，人类即使诞生了，想要发展科技根本不可能，没有资源，人类也不可能走出地球探索宇宙。曾经有人猜想：地球其实是一个活着的生命体，认为地球也是有智慧的。看上去是一种猜想，可是如果把地球46亿年来的变化仔细研究会发现，这个说法也并不是没有一定的道理。

If the earth does not have these resources, even if human beings are born, it is impossible to develop science and technology. Without resources, human beings cannot go out of the earth to explore the universe. It was once conjectured that the earth is actually a living life, and that the earth is also intelligent. It seems to be a conjecture, but if we carefully study the changes of the earth over the past 4.6 billion years, we will find that this statement is not unreasonable.